The GNU General Public License (GPL)
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation,
Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
02111-1307 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim
copies of this license document, but changing it is
not allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take
away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast,
the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee
your freedom to share and change free software--to make
sure the software is free for all its users. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free
Software Foundation's software and to any other program
whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free
Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU
Library General Public License instead.) You can apply
it to your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to
freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are
designed to make sure that you have the freedom to
distribute copies of free software (and charge for this
service if you wish), that you receive source code or
can get it if you want it, that you can change the
software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and
that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions
that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask
you to surrender the rights. These restrictions
translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify
it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a
program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the
recipients all the rights that you have. You must make
sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code.
And you must show them these terms so they know their
rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright
the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives
you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify
the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want
to make certain that everyone understands that there is
no warranty for this free software. If the software is
modified by someone else and passed on, we want its
recipients to know that what they have is not the
original, so that any problems introduced by others will
not reflect on the original authors' reputations.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by
software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that
redistributors of a free program will individually
obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program
proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that
any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or
not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying,
distribution and modification follow.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND
MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any
program or other work which contains a notice placed by
the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under
the terms of this General Public License. The "Program",
below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work
based on the Program" means either the Program or any
derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a
work containing the Program or a portion of it, either
verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into
another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included
without limitation in the term "modification".) Each
licensee is addressed as "you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and
modification are not covered by this License; they are
outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not
restricted, and the output from the Program is covered
only if its contents constitute a work based on the
Program (independent of having been made by running the
Program). Whether that is true depends on what the
Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute
verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
receive it, in any medium, provided that you
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an
appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty;
keep intact all the notices that refer to this License
and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other
recipients of the Program a copy of this License along
with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of
transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer
warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
2. You may modify your copy or
copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming
a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute
such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
above, provided that you also meet all of these
conditions:
a) You must cause the modified files to carry
prominent notices stating that you changed the files
and the date of any change.
b) You must cause any work that you distribute or
publish, that in whole or in part contains or is
derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be
licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties
under the terms of this License.
c) If the modified program normally reads commands
interactively when run, you must cause it, when
started running for such interactive use in the most
ordinary way, to print or display an announcement
including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice
that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you
provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute
the program under these conditions, and telling the
user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception:
if the Program itself is interactive but does not
normally print such an announcement, your work based
on the Program is not required to print an
announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a
whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not
derived from the Program, and can be reasonably
considered independent and separate works in themselves,
then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
sections when you distribute them as separate works. But
when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole
which is a work based on the Program, the distribution
of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose
permissions for other licensees extend to the entire
whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who
wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim
rights or contest your rights to work written entirely
by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to
control the distribution of derivative or collective
works based on the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not
based on the Program with the Program (or with a work
based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium does not bring the other work under
the scope of this License.
3. You may copy and distribute the
Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in
object code or executable form under the terms of
Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of
the following:
a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding
machine-readable source code, which must be
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above
on a medium customarily used for software interchange;
or,
b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at
least three years, to give any third party, for a
charge no more than your cost of physically performing
source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy
of the corresponding source code, to be distributed
under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
customarily used for software interchange; or,
c) Accompany it with the information you received
as to the offer to distribute corresponding source
code. (This alternative is allowed only for
noncommercial distribution and only if you received
the program in object code or executable form with
such an offer, in accord with Subsection b
above.)
The source code for a work means the preferred form
of the work for making modifications to it. For an
executable work, complete source code means all the
source code for all modules it contains, plus any
associated interface definition files, plus the scripts
used to control compilation and installation of the
executable. However, as a special exception, the source
code distributed need not include anything that is
normally distributed (in either source or binary form)
with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on)
of the operating system on which the executable runs,
unless that component itself accompanies the
executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made
by offering access to copy from a designated place, then
offering equivalent access to copy the source code from
the same place counts as distribution of the source
code, even though third parties are not compelled to
copy the source along with the object code.
4. You may not copy, modify,
sublicense, or distribute the Program except as
expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the
Program is void, and will automatically terminate your
rights under this License. However, parties who have
received copies, or rights, from you under this License
will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
parties remain in full compliance.
5. You are not required to accept
this License, since you have not signed it. However,
nothing else grants you permission to modify or
distribute the Program or its derivative works. These
actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this
License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the
Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate
your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its
terms and conditions for copying, distributing or
modifying the Program or works based on it.
6. Each time you redistribute the
Program (or any work based on the Program), the
recipient automatically receives a license from the
original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the
Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may
not impose any further restrictions on the recipients'
exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not
responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
this License.
7. If, as a consequence of a court
judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any
other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions
are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this
License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of
this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy
simultaneously your obligations under this License and
any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence
you may not distribute the Program at all. For example,
if a patent license would not permit royalty-free
redistribution of the Program by all those who receive
copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only
way you could satisfy both it and this License would be
to refrain entirely from distribution of the
Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or
unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the
balance of the section is intended to apply and the
section as a whole is intended to apply in other
circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you
to infringe any patents or other property right claims
or to contest validity of any such claims; this section
has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the
free software distribution system, which is implemented
by public license practices. Many people have made
generous contributions to the wide range of software
distributed through that system in reliance on
consistent application of that system; it is up to the
author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to
distribute software through any other system and a
licensee cannot impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear
what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this
License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of
the Program is restricted in certain countries either by
patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original
copyright holder who places the Program under this
License may add an explicit geographical distribution
limitation excluding those countries, so that
distribution is permitted only in or among countries not
thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
the limitation as if written in the body of this
License.
9. The Free Software Foundation may
publish revised and/or new versions of the General
Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or
concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version
number. If the Program specifies a version number of
this License which applies to it and "any later
version", you have the option of following the terms and
conditions either of that version or of any later
version published by the Free Software Foundation. If
the Program does not specify a version number of this
License, you may choose any version ever published by
the Free Software Foundation.
10. If you wish to incorporate parts
of the Program into other free programs whose
distribution conditions are different, write to the
author to ask for permission. For software which is
copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to
the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make
exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the
two goals of preserving the free status of all
derivatives of our free software and of promoting the
sharing and reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED
FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO
THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR
OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT
WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE
PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE,
YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR
OR CORRECTION.
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY
APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY
COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY
AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL,
SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT
OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED
INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES
OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be
of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way
to achieve this is to make it free software which
everyone can redistribute and change under these
terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the
program. It is safest to attach them to the start of
each source file to most effectively convey the
exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at
least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the
full notice is found.
One line to give the program's name and a brief
idea of what it does. Copyright (C) <year>
<name of author>
This program is free software; you can redistribute
it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it
will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public
License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General
Public License along with this program; if not, write
to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple
Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307
USA
Also add information on how to contact you by
electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive
mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of
author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY;
for details type `show w'. This is free software, and
you are welcome to redistribute it under certain
conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c'
should show the appropriate parts of the General Public
License. Of course, the commands you use may be called
something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could
even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your
program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a
programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright
disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a
sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
interest in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes
passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1989 Ty Coon,
President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit
incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If
your program is a subroutine library, you may consider
it more useful to permit linking proprietary
applications with the library. If this is what you want
to do, use the GNU Library General Public License
instead of this
License.
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